Diphtheria vaccination is a vaccination given to reduce the risk of contracting diphtheria, a contagious infectious disease that can cause shortness of breath, pneumonia, nerve damage, heart problems, and even death. This disease can be suffered by children and adults.
Diphtheria vaccination is included in the complete list of national basic immunization programs in Indonesia, and is recommended by the Ministry of Health and the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI). Diphtheria vaccine is available in combination with other disease vaccines, namely with tetanus and whooping cough (pertussis), or with tetanus alone. There are 5 types of diphtheria vaccinations available, namely:
- DTP vaccination. Given to children under 7 years of age to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
- DTaP vaccination. Same with DTP, but the pertussis vaccine is modified so that it is expected to reduce the side effects of the vaccine.
- DT vaccination. Given to children under 7 years of age to prevent diphtheria and tetanus.
- Tdap Vaccination. Given to children and adults, aged 11-64 years, to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough.
- Td vaccination. Given to teenagers and adults to prevent tetanus and diphtheria. This vaccination is recommended to be done once every 10 years.
Indications and Contraindications to Diphtheria Vaccination
As mentioned above, diphtheria vaccination is carried out to prevent transmission of diphtheria and reduce the risk of diphtheria outbreaks.
Inform your doctor before receiving a diphtheria vaccine, if you or your child has an allergy to this component of the vaccine. In addition, diphtheria vaccine is also not given to someone suffering from Guillain-Barre syndrome, seizures or other neurological disorders, as well as people who are sick. It is recommended to wait until he recovers from illness, then do diphtheria vaccination. For pregnant or nursing women, consult a doctor about diphtheria vaccines during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Tdap vaccine may be given to pregnant or breastfeeding women to protect babies from pertussis, but still pay attention to the schedule of diphtheria, tetanus, and prior pertussis vaccines.
When to Diphtheria Vaccination
The recommended diphtheria vaccination time at the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI) is:
- The first diphtheria vaccination, either DTP or DTaP is given at 2 months of age or at the earliest at 6 weeks. Furthermore, for DTP vaccine given at the age of 3 months and 4 months. While those who get DTaP vaccine, for the second and third vaccines given at the age of 4 months and 6 months.
- Furthermore, booster for diphtheria vaccination can be given at the age of 18 months and age 5 years.
- Children who have entered the age of 7 years and over will be given a diphtheria vaccination booster with Tdap or Td vaccine at the age of 10-12 years.
- A further booster is given at the age of 18 with a Td vaccine, and this Td vaccine can be repeated once every 10 years.
For those who missed the schedule, it is advisable to immediately pursue a pursuit in the near future.
It is also recommended for pregnant women to get a Tdap booster vaccination during the final trimester, if they have never received a Tdap vaccine or do not know it.
Before Diphtheria Vaccination
Generally, there is no specific preparation that needs to be done before diphtheria vaccination. However, it can be tested for allergies and the health conditions of vaccine recipients, to avoid dangerous side effects.
Diphtheria Vaccination Procedure
Diphtheria vaccination procedure will be done by injection into one of the body's muscles. If there is another vaccination to be given, the doctor will do the injection at a different muscle point. Usually, the doctor will inject diphtheria vaccine to children in the thigh muscles. For teens and adults, the vaccine will be injected into the upper arm.
It is recommended to ensure that the vaccination fluid is in good condition, that is white or grayish after being shaken. Do not use vaccination fluids that have expired.
After Diphtheria Vaccination
In certain cases, the recipient of the vaccination may experience dizziness, blurred vision, ringing in the ears, until fainting. It is recommended to sit or lie down, at least 15 minutes after vaccination. For children, the potential for experiencing a fever or swelling can occur. Doctors will generally give fever-reducing drugs after vaccination.
Even though it is rare, some vaccination recipients experience severe pain in the shoulder and have difficulty moving it, or experience an allergic reaction within minutes or hours after vaccination. See your doctor immediately if this happens so you can treat it immediately.
Side Effects of Diphtheria Vaccination
Side effects commonly experienced after receiving diphtheria vaccines, both for children, adolescents, or adults, are usually classified as mild and will subside in a matter of days. Among these include:
- Pain, swelling, or redness of the injection site.
- Fever.
- Headache.
- Muscle ache.
- Limp.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Diarrhea.
- Decreased appetite.
- Fussy (in children).
If there is a high fever, the baby cries for more than 3 hours, or seizures, see a doctor immediately.
Komentar
Posting Komentar